cs-2124: complete Assignment 2

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Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2/README.org

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+* Assignment 2
+
+- ABC123: =zfp106=
+- Name: =Price Hiller=
+- Course: =CS2124=
+- Section: =0C3=
+- Semester: =Spring 2024=
+
+** Source Code
+The full source code for this project can be found at [[https://git.orion-technologies.io/Price/college/src/branch/Development/Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2]]
+
+** Running the Programs
+1. Install [[https://cmake.org/download/][cmake]] version 3.25 or greater.
+2. Ensure you have a recent version of ~make~ at the time of writing. This project successfully
+   compiles with ~GNU make~ version ~4.4.1~.
+3. Go the directory with ~CMakeLists.txt~ and run ~cmake .~ to generate a Makefile.
+4. Run ~make all~ to compile all the programs.
+5. Go into the newly created ~bin~ directory where all the compiled programs will be output to
+6. Programs will be named ~PartOne~, ~PartTwo~, and ~PartThree~
+
+** Program Outputs
+
+*** Part One
+C program to Check for balanced Parentheses in an Expression using Stack. The program will
+check if the expression has balanced Parentheses.
+
+1. [[./assets/PartOne/img1.png]]
+2. [[./assets/PartOne/img2.png]]
+3. [[./assets/PartOne/img3.png]]
+4. [[./assets/PartOne/img4.png]]
+5. [[./assets/PartOne/img5.png]]
+
+*** Part Two
+Write a program which will take input (Infix expression) from user and converts the expression
+to Postfix expression (using stacks).
+
+1. [[./assets/PartTwo/img1.png]]
+2. [[./assets/PartTwo/img2.png]]
+3. [[./assets/PartTwo/img3.png]]
+4. [[./assets/PartTwo/img4.png]]
+
+
+*** Part Three
+Implement code that will tell you the time binary search took when implemented through both a
+recursive method and iterative method
+
+1. [[./assets/PartThree/img1.png]]

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2/src/lib/lib.c

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Credit to
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40159892/using-asprintf-on-windows/49873938#49873938
+// with modifications by me
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h> /* needed for va_*         */
+#include <stdio.h>  /* needed for vsnprintf    */
+#include <stdlib.h> /* needed for malloc, free */
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <direct.h>
+#else
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+#endif
+
+int vscprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
+    va_list ap_copy;
+    va_copy(ap_copy, ap);
+    int retval = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, ap_copy);
+    va_end(ap_copy);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * asprintf, vasprintf:
+ * MSVC does not implement these, thus we implement them here
+ * GNU-C-compatible compilers implement these with the same names, thus we
+ * don't have to do anything
+ */
+int vasprintf(char **strp, const char *format, va_list ap) {
+    int len = vscprintf(format, ap);
+    if (len == -1)
+        return -1;
+    char *str = (char *)malloc((size_t)len + 1);
+    if (!str)
+        return -1;
+    int retval = vsnprintf(str, len + 1, format, ap);
+    if (retval == -1) {
+        free(str);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *strp = str;
+    return retval;
+}
+
+char* fmtstr(const char *format, ...) {
+    char *str = NULL;
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    vasprintf(&str, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return str;
+}
+
+void print_header() {
+    printf("Price Hiller | zfp106 | <Spring 2024>\n");
+}

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2/src/lib/lib.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Credit to
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40159892/using-asprintf-on-windows/49873938#49873938
+// with modifications by me
+
+#ifndef FMTSTR_H
+#define FMTSTR_H
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
+#define _GNU_SOURCE /* needed for (v)asprintf, affects '#include <stdio.h>' */
+#endif
+
+#include <stdarg.h> /* needed for va_*         */
+
+/*
+ * vscprintf:
+ * MSVC implements this as _vscprintf, thus we just 'symlink' it here
+ * GNU-C-compatible compilers do not implement this, thus we implement it here
+ */
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define vscprintf _vscprintf
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+int vasprintf(char **strp, const char *format, va_list ap);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+int vscprintf(const char *format, va_list ap);
+#endif
+
+char* fmtstr(const char *format, ...);
+void print_header();
+
+#endif

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2/src/lib/vec.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#pragma once
+#define VECTOR_LIB
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+// This code is pretty bad in all honesty, but I *really* didn't want to play
+// the void pointer game.
+#define DECL_VEC(type_name, type)                                              \
+    typedef struct {                                                           \
+        size_t elem_count;                                                     \
+        size_t capacity;                                                       \
+        type *data;                                                            \
+    } type_name;                                                               \
+                                                                               \
+    type_name type_name##_new(size_t initial_capacity) {                       \
+        initial_capacity = (initial_capacity < 1) ? 1 : initial_capacity;      \
+        type_name v = {.capacity = initial_capacity,                           \
+                       .elem_count = 0,                                        \
+                       .data = malloc(sizeof(type *) * initial_capacity)};     \
+        return v;                                                              \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    bool type_name##_alloc(type_name *v, size_t extra_capacity) {              \
+        if (extra_capacity == 0) {                                             \
+            return false;                                                      \
+        }                                                                      \
+                                                                               \
+        int desired_size = v->capacity + extra_capacity;                       \
+        type *newData = realloc(v->data, sizeof(type *) * desired_size);       \
+        if (newData == NULL)                                                   \
+            return false;                                                      \
+        v->data = newData;                                                     \
+        v->capacity = desired_size;                                            \
+        return true;                                                           \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    bool type_name##_ensure_capacity(type_name *v, size_t capacity) {          \
+        if (v->capacity < capacity)                                            \
+            return type_name##_alloc(v, capacity - v->capacity);               \
+        return true;                                                           \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    void type_name##_push(type_name *v, type item) {                           \
+        type_name##_ensure_capacity(v, v->elem_count + 1);                     \
+        v->data[v->elem_count++] = item;                                       \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    type *type_name##_get(type_name *v, size_t index) {                        \
+        if (index >= 0 && index < v->elem_count)                               \
+            return &v->data[index];                                            \
+        return NULL;                                                           \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    void type_name##_del(type_name *v, size_t index) {                         \
+        if (index >= 0 && index < v->elem_count) {                             \
+            for (int i = index; (i < v->elem_count - 1); ++i) {                \
+                v->data[i] = v->data[i + 1];                                   \
+            }                                                                  \
+            v->elem_count--;                                                   \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    type type_name##_pop(type_name *v) {                                       \
+        type popped_value = *type_name##_get(v, v->elem_count - 1);            \
+        type_name##_del(v, v->elem_count - 1);                                 \
+        return popped_value;                                                   \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    type type_name##_first(type_name *v) {                                     \
+        type found_value = *type_name##_get(v, 0);                             \
+        type_name##_del(v, 0);                                                 \
+        return found_value;                                                    \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    type *type_name##_peek(type_name *v) {                                     \
+        return type_name##_get(v, v->elem_count - 1);                          \
+    }                                                                          \
+                                                                               \
+    void type_name##_free(type_name *v) { free(v->data); }

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2/src/part_one.c

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "lib/lib.h"
+#include "lib/vec.h"
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+DECL_VEC(CharVec, char);
+
+CharVec readStdinToNewline() {
+    CharVec cvec = CharVec_new(2);
+    int ch;
+    while (EOF != (ch = fgetc(stdin)) && ch != '\n') {
+        CharVec_push(&cvec, ch);
+    }
+    return cvec;
+}
+
+bool pairedBraces(char open_brace, char close_brace) {
+    if (open_brace == '\0')
+        return true;
+
+    int asciiDiff = 2;
+    if (open_brace == '(' || open_brace == ')') {
+        asciiDiff = 1;
+    }
+    return ((int)open_brace - ((int)close_brace - asciiDiff)) == 0;
+}
+
+bool checkCharVecBalance(CharVec *cvec) {
+    int balance = 0;
+    CharVec braceStack = CharVec_new(cvec->elem_count);
+    char lastOpenBrace = '\0';
+    while (cvec->elem_count != 0) {
+        char val = CharVec_first(cvec);
+        switch (val) {
+        case '(':
+        case '[':
+        case '{':
+            CharVec_push(&braceStack, val);
+            balance++;
+            break;
+        case ')':
+        case ']':
+        case '}':
+            if (!pairedBraces(CharVec_pop(&braceStack), val))
+                return 0;
+            balance--;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (balance == 0) {
+        return -1;
+    } else {
+        return cvec->elem_count;
+    }
+}
+
+int main() {
+    print_header();
+    printf("Enter Expression: ");
+    CharVec cvec = readStdinToNewline();
+    char *input = malloc(cvec.elem_count + 1);
+    strcpy(input, cvec.data);
+
+    if (checkCharVecBalance(&cvec)) {
+        printf("It's balanced (^_^)\n");
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    } else {
+        printf("It's Not Balanced (0_0)\n");
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+}

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2/src/part_three.c

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "lib/lib.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+void swap(int *a, int *b) {
+    int t = *a;
+    *a = *b;
+    *b = t;
+}
+
+int partition(int arr[], int low, int high) {
+    int pivot = arr[high];
+    int i = (low - 1);
+
+    for (int j = low; j <= high - 1; j++) {
+        if (arr[j] < pivot) {
+            i++;
+            swap(&arr[i], &arr[j]);
+        }
+    }
+    swap(&arr[i + 1], &arr[high]);
+    return (i + 1);
+}
+
+void q_sort(int arr[], int low, int high) {
+    if (low < high) {
+        int p = partition(arr, low, high);
+        q_sort(arr, low, p - 1);
+        q_sort(arr, p + 1, high);
+    }
+}
+
+int bsearch_iterative(int arr[], int key, int len) {
+    int low = 0;
+    int high = len;
+    while (low < high) {
+        int mid = (low + high) / 2;
+        if (key == arr[mid]) {
+            return mid;
+        } else if (key > arr[mid]) {
+            low = mid + 1;
+        } else {
+            high = mid - 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int bsearch_recursive(int arr[], int key, int low, int high) {
+    if (low > high) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int mid = (low + high) / 2;
+    if (key == arr[mid]) {
+        return mid;
+    } else if (key > arr[mid]) {
+        return bsearch_recursive(arr, key, mid + 1, high);
+    } else {
+        return bsearch_recursive(arr, key, low, mid - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+int main() {
+    print_header();
+    printf("Enter 5 elements:\n");
+    int arr_len = 5;
+    int arr[arr_len];
+    for (int i = 0; i < arr_len; i++) {
+        scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
+    }
+    printf("\nEnter element to search for:\n");
+    int search_element;
+    scanf("%d", &search_element);
+    q_sort(arr, 0, arr_len);
+
+    clock_t tic, toc;
+    printf("\n\n--------\n=> Binary Search (Iterative Approach)");
+    tic = clock();
+    int b_iter_index = bsearch_iterative(arr, search_element, arr_len);
+    toc = clock();
+    if (b_iter_index == -1) {
+        printf("Unable to find the element '%d'!\n", search_element);
+    } else {
+        printf("Element found at index %d\n", b_iter_index);
+    }
+    printf("Total time taken by CPU (End Time - Start Time)/clock per sec: %f\n--------\n",
+           (double)(toc - tic) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
+
+    printf("\n--------\n=> Binary Search (Recursive Approach)");
+    tic = clock();
+    int b_rec_index = bsearch_recursive(arr, search_element, 0, arr_len);
+    toc = clock();
+    if (b_iter_index == -1) {
+        printf("Unable to find the element '%d'!\n", search_element);
+    } else {
+        printf("Element found at index %d\n", b_rec_index);
+    }
+    printf("Total time taken by CPU (End Time - Start Time)/clock per sec: %f\n--------\n",
+           (double)(toc - tic) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
+
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Assignment-2/src/part_two.c

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "lib/lib.h"
+#include "lib/vec.h"
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+DECL_VEC(CharVec, char);
+
+int priority(char x) {
+    switch (x) {
+    case '(':
+        return 0;
+        break;
+    case '+':
+    case '-':
+        return 1;
+    case '*':
+    case '/':
+        return 2;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+CharVec readStdinToNewline() {
+    CharVec cvec = CharVec_new(2);
+    int ch;
+    while (EOF != (ch = fgetc(stdin)) && ch != '\n') {
+        CharVec_push(&cvec, ch);
+    }
+    return cvec;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    print_header();
+    printf("Enter the Infix Expression:\n");
+    CharVec stack = CharVec_new(2);
+    CharVec input = readStdinToNewline();
+    printf("The Postfix expression:\n ");
+    while (input.elem_count != 0) {
+        char ch = CharVec_first(&input);
+        if (ch == ' ') {
+            continue;
+        } else if (isalnum(ch)) {
+            printf("%c ", ch);
+        } else if (ch == '(') {
+            CharVec_push(&stack, ch);
+        } else if (ch == ')') {
+            char x;
+            while ((x = CharVec_pop(&stack)) != '(') {
+                printf("%c ", x);
+            }
+        } else {
+            while (stack.elem_count != 0 && priority(*CharVec_peek(&stack)) >= priority(ch))
+                printf("%c ", CharVec_pop(&stack));
+            CharVec_push(&stack, ch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    while (stack.elem_count != 0) {
+        printf("%c ", CharVec_pop(&stack));
+    }
+    printf("\nEnd of Program\n");
+
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}