cs-2124(lab): add first lab assignment

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Lab-Work-1/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.25)
+
+set(SOURCES src/lib.h src/lib.c src/main.c)
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY bin)
+
+
+project(LabOne LANGUAGES C)
+add_executable(labone  ${SOURCES})

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Lab-Work-1/README.org

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+* Lab Work - Sorting and Binary Search
+Get an array of integer, the target integer, then sort the array and find the target using binary
+search
+- Create a library for binary search and a sorting algorithm to sort the array and use it in main
+  file
+- Input:
+  - First line contains one integer $n$, the size of the array
+  - Second line contains $n$ integers $a_i$, elements of the array
+  - Third line contains the search integer/key $m$
+- Output:
+  - Print the location of the search integer $m$ in the given array. If not found, print =-1=.
+Submit the zipped folder
+

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Lab-Work-1/src/lib.c

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+int binary_search(int arr[], int m, int size) {
+  int low = 0;
+  int high = size - 1;
+  while (low != high) {
+    int mid = (low + high) / 2;
+    if (m == arr[mid]) {
+      return mid;
+    } else if (m > arr[mid]) {
+      low = mid + 1;
+    } else {
+      high = mid - 1;
+    };
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+void bubble_sort(int a[], int n) {
+    int i = 0, j = 0, tmp;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        for (j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
+            if (a[j] > a[j+1]) {
+                tmp = a[j];
+                a[j] = a[j+1];
+                a[j + 1] = tmp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Lab-Work-1/src/lib.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#ifndef CUST_LIB
+#define CUST_LIB
+int binary_search(int arr[], int m, int size);
+void bubble_sort(int a[], int n);
+#endif // !CUST_LIB

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Lab-Work-1/src/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "./lib.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  printf("Enter size of array: ");
+  int arr_size = -1;
+  scanf("%d", &arr_size);
+  int arr[arr_size];
+  printf("Enter elements:\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < arr_size; i++) {
+    scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
+  }
+  int m = 0;
+  printf("Enter search element: ");
+  scanf("%d", &m);
+  bubble_sort(arr, arr_size);
+  printf("Sorted elements to search in: ");
+  for (int i = 0; i < arr_size; i++) {
+    printf("%d ", arr[i]);
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+  int location = binary_search(arr, m, arr_size);
+  printf("Location of %d was found at %d\n", m, location);
+}

Spring-2023/CS-2124/Lectures.org

@@ -397,10 +397,10 @@ raise(f"Unable to find {term} in array!")
 
 *** Algorithm Comparison
 
-| Bubble Sort                   | Selection Sort                                         | Insertion Sort           |
-|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|
-| Simple Sorting Algorithm      | Simple Sorting Algorithm                               | Simple Sorting Algorithm |
-| Compares Neighboring Elements | Takes the smallest element and moves it into its place | Transfer one element at a time to its
+| Bubble Sort                   | Selection Sort                                         | Insertion Sort                        |
+|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------|
+| Simple Sorting Algorithm      | Simple Sorting Algorithm                               | Simple Sorting Algorithm              |
+| Compares Neighboring Elements | Takes the smallest element and moves it into its place | Transfer one element at a time to its |
 
 *** Merge Sort
 
@@ -433,6 +433,49 @@ raise(f"Unable to find {term} in array!")
 - Steps:
   1. Pick an element from the array as the pivot
   2. Divide the unosrted array of elements in two arrays
-    a) Values less than the pivot come in the first sub array
-    b) Values greater than the pivot come in the second sub-array
+     a) Values less than the pivot come in the first sub array
+     b) Values greater than the pivot come in the second sub-array
   3. Recursively repeat step ~2~ (until the sub-arrays are sorted)
+
+* Lecture 4
+
+** Methods for Reducing Complexity
+
+- Goes along with the *Simplicity* Design Principle
+- They are:
+  1. Abstraction
+  2. Modularity
+  3. Layering
+  4. Hierarchy
+
+** Stack
+
+- What is a stack
+  - A data structure.
+  - New items are inserted on the "top" and deleted or removed from the top. Top is the most
+    recent item inserted.
+  - A stack is a Last In First Out (LIFO) or First In Last Out (FILO) data structure. This means
+    that the last item to get stored on the stack (often called Push operation) is the first one
+    to get out of it (often called as Pop operation).
+
+** Stack Operations
+
+1. *push*: Adds an element to the top of the stack
+2. *pop*: Removes the topmost element from the stack
+3. *isEmpty*: Checks whether the stack is empty
+4. *isFull*: checks whether the stack is full
+5. *top*: Displays the topmost element of the stack
+6. *Peek*: View the top element on the stack
+
+- *Important* things to remember when wokring with stacks:
+  - Initially, a pointer (top) is set to keep track of the topmost itemi n the stack. The stack
+    is initialized to -1
+  - Then, a check is performed to determine if the stack is empty by comparing top to -1
+  - As elements are added to the stack, the position of the top is updated
+  - As soon as elements are popped or deleted, the topmost element is removed and the position of
+    top is updated
+- There are *two ways to implement* a stack:
+  1. Using a =array=
+  2. Using a =linked list=
+
+